El Niño Dominant Winter Weather Factor

An El Niño in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean is expected to be a dominant climate factor influencing December through February winter weather in the United States, according to the 2009 Winter Outlook released by NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center.

“We expect El Niño to strengthen and persist through the winter months, providing clues as to what the weather will be like during the period,” says Mike Halpert, deputy director of the Climate Prediction Center — a division of the National Weather Service. “Warmer ocean water in the equatorial Pacific shifts the patterns of tropical rainfall that in turn change the strength and position of the jet stream and storms over the Pacific Ocean and the United States.
“Other climate factors are likely to play a role in the winter weather at times across the country,” Halpert said. “Some of these factors, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation are difficult to predict more than one to two weeks in advance. The NAO adds uncertainty to the forecast in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic portions of the country.”

Highlights of the U.S. winter outlook, December-February:
Warmer-than-average temperatures are favored across much of the western and central United States, especially in the north-central states from Montana to Wisconsin. Though temperatures may average warmer than usual, periodic outbreaks of cold air are still possible.
Below-average temperatures are expected across the Southeast and mid-Atlantic from southern and eastern Texas to southern Pennsylvania and south through Florida.
Above-average precipitation is expected in the southern border states, especially Texas and Florida. Recent rainfall and the prospects for more should improve current drought conditions in central and southern Texas. However, tornado records suggest that there will also be an increased chance of tornado activity for the Gulf Coast region this winter.